A Guide to RC Car Batteries: Types and Distinguishing Features
RC cars, or radio-controlled cars, give hobbyists an opportunity to experience remote-controlled vehicles. The right type of battery plays a vital role in the performance and enjoyment of these vehicles. In this article, we'll discuss the different types of batteries used in RC cars, as well as the distinguishing features of each type.
Type of batteries
Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries
Nickel-cadmium batteries used to be common in RC cars due to their low cost and reasonable performance. They are often referred to as NiCd batteries and are composed of nickel and cadmium compounds.
However, NiCd batteries have some drawbacks, such as the memory effect, where the battery capacity decreases if it is not fully discharged before charging. In addition, they contain harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, which makes more environmentally friendly alternatives desirable.
Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries
Nickel-metal hydride batteries, or NiMH batteries, are an improved version of NiCd batteries. They have similar chemistry but use a different anode material, minimizing the memory effect problems.
RC hobbyists often choose NiMH batteries because of their more environmentally friendly nature and higher energy density. Although they have better capacity than NiCd batteries, they are still limited in terms of energy storage compared to more modern lithium-based batteries.
Lithium polymer (Li-Po) batteries
Lithium polymer batteries, or Li-Po batteries, have gained immense popularity in the RC community due to their excellent performance and high energy density. They are lighter and can deliver more power than both NiCd and NiMH batteries.
Li-Po batteries can often provide a higher voltage, making the RC cars faster and more powerful. Another advantage is that they have no memory effect, which means that they can be charged at any time without reducing the total capacity.
However, the use of Li-Po batteries requires some care and attention. Overcharging or completely discharging Li-Po batteries can lead to battery damage or even safety hazards such as fire or leakage. It is essential to use a specific Li-Po charger designed to safely charge the battery and use a voltage alarm or voltage regulator to prevent over-discharge.
The "S" Rating and Voltage of Li-Po Batteries
The "S" rating on Li-Po batteries refers to the number of cells connected in series in the battery. Each Li-Po cell is rated at approximately 3.7 volts. The total voltage of the battery is determined by the number of cells in series. The relationship between the number of cells (S) and the total voltage (V) is as follows: V = S x 3.7 volts.
| 1S | 3.7V |
| 2S | 7.4V |
| 3S | 11.1V |
| 4S | 14.8V |
| 5S | 18.5V |
| 6S | 22.2V |
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries
LiFePO4 batteries are another type of lithium battery sometimes used in RC cars. They offer a higher energy density and longer cycle life than Li-Po batteries, but they have a lower voltage, resulting in slightly less performance.
However, they are less prone to problems such as overcharging, overheating and leaks, making them safer to use.
Not every RC car can use every type of battery
It is important to note that not every RC car is suitable for every type of battery. RC cars are designed to operate with specific voltages and power requirements. Before choosing a battery, you should consult your RC car manual to find out which battery types are compatible and which specifications are recommended by the manufacturer. Using an unsuitable battery may result in reduced performance, damage to the electronics, or breakdown of the vehicle.
Conclusion
Choosing the right type of battery for your RC car is essential for the performance, safety and durability of the vehicle. While NiCd and NiMH batteries are still in use, Li-Po batteries are the most popular choice due to their high energy density and performance. If you take proper safety precautions, Li-Po batteries can be an excellent choice for maximum fun and excitement while driving your RC car. Always remember to follow proper charging procedures and keep an eye out for any signs of wear or damage to the battery to keep enjoying your RC hobby safely.